Means for regulating combustion.



PATBNTED Jnmizl J. M. w. KITCHEN. MEANS FOR REGULATING COMBUSTION.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1801.

2 SHEETS-$333 1 -1.

NQIIODEIL,

BY @MWW HI-S ATTORNEYS PATENTBD JUNE 21, 1904.

MEANS FOR REGULATING COMBUSTION.

APPLICATION PILBDFEB. 15, 1901, k 2 SHEETS-BHEB1 2 I 10 MODEL.

I |NVENTOR J efiZM/IZIIf/IZM M,

HIS ATTORNEYS No. 7e2,912.

UNITED. STATES Patented June 21, 1904.

PATENT OFFIGE.

MEANS FOR REGULATING COMBUSTION.

SPECIFICATION fo'rming part of Letters Patent No. 762,912, dated June 21, I904. Application filed February 15.1901. Serial No. 47,492. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, JOSEPH M. W. KITCHEN,

. a citizen of the United States, residing in East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Regulating Combustion, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to heating andpowerproducing apparatus and their attachments; and it has forits object to regulate the process of combustion in such apparatus.

temperature is desiredas, for example, in greenhouses. y

I will describe a heating apparatus having my invention applied thereto, together with several modifications of my invention, and then point out the novel features in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view, partly in verticalsection, of a heating apparatus embodying my invention. is a view, partly in section, showing a modification of my invention; view, partly in section, of another modification. Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 are each detail Fig. 8 is a detail cross-sectional view showing a damper involved in my invention and a dam- 3 Fig. 9 is a detail view :in eleva- Figs. 10 and llare detail views on a per-handle. tion.

slightly larger scale than 'Fig. 9. Figs. 12

- and 13 are detail cross-sectional views.

and having a combustion-chamber and heatabsorbing cavities providing for the retention in' its upper levels and for admixture there ofair and buoyant gases without allowing of their upward escape otherwise thanthrough the smoke-exitofthe device, acornmon provision in such devices, and which devices have fuel-feed doors or other feed-orifices at considerably lower levels than the top of the gas-retaining cavities.

"A Fig. l,'represents a system of radiating It is. particularlyadapted foruse where an even Fig. 2

Fig. 3 is a detail tion.

pipes which may extend through a greenhouse or other structure for heating it.

B represents asmoke-flue provided between the combustion-chamber of the apparatus A and a chimney C. p

D represents an inlet or aperture which is provided in the smoke-flue B. This aperture may be located at apoint in the smoke-flue between the apparatus A and chimney O, and it is preferably located as close as possible to the exit-opening a in the heating apparatus through which the products of combustion find their exit into the smoke-flue. This is shown more clearly in Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6.

Extending downwardly from the conduit B and .in communication with this inlet or aperture D is a conduit (Z, which is herein referred to. as the dependent conduit and which is used in'all forms of my invention hcrewithin described and shown. The dependent conduit 01 may be in one piece with the smoke-con: duit B, as shown in Fig. 2, or the conduit may fit onto a projecting portion (1. The

joint between the dependent portion fl and the upper end of the aonduit (Z will be sealed in any desired mannerso that gas cannot pass through the joint. In preferred formsof my invention the inlet D will be located at as high v a level as possible above the level of the feeddoor a of the heating apparatus, and preferably at or above the level of the exit provided for the passage of products of combus- The dependent conduit (Z and the inlet .D are parts of the means provided for conducting air for-combustion into the combustion-chamber and which is conveyed thereinto atthehighest practical level. Ordinarily the dependent conduit (Z is a long'straight vertically-placed tube, and the inlet D is in close relation with some deflecting and con-' ducting means for directing the air for combustion into the combustion -chamber in a horizontal current. A short straight passage from the inlet D to the combustionchamber is to be preferred; but the various parts which are provided for conducting the air to the combustion-chamber may be otherwise formed.

The air may enter the combustion-chamber from the. top, as in Fig. 1, orthe passage may be sinuous and enter the chamber from below, as in Fig. 2, in which .case part of the route taken bythe air is through a part of the heating apparatus. In most cases the air for combustion is introduced into the combustioncliamber at its side near the top and through the smoke-nozzle usually proyided in that position. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7show in section the internal structure of forms constructed for attachment in such positions. The introduction of the air for combustion at the highest possible level in the combustion-chamber is for the purpose of tending to overcome the difliculty of securing a quick mixing and diffusion of the air and the volatilized unconsumed gases which have a tendency to form a stratum of unconsumed gas at the highest level in the combustion-chamber and which 1 diiiiculty is theresult of the difference in density of the hydrocarbon gases and of air. By conveying the air to this high level there results a quicker admixture and diffusion of the air and the lighter hydrocarbon gases at that point and a more complete combustion of the gases before they find their exit from the apparatus. This high introduction of air also tends to secure a greater production of heat at the highest level, and hence a more thorough absorption of the heat produced into the media (air, water, or steam) surrounding the transmitting-surfaces of the apparatus. Such media rise as they are heated, and if they are heated to a high degree at the lower levels by the transmitting-surfaces these transmitting provisions fail to convey heat so Well to the media from products of combustion of alower temperature if such products are in the higher parts, and hence these products of a lower temperature at the highest levels are likely to pass out of the combtltion-chamber unutilized; but if the heat-adsorbing media of relatively low temperature first passes .over thelower heat-transmitting surfaces having a low degree of temperature the relatively low degree of heat of such surfaces is absorbed by the media, and then as the media rise progressadmit all the air required for combustion in all the parts of the combustion-chamber. The conduit (Z is shown as being the same or of a larger diameteras that of the inlet D. The

diameter ofthe inlet D is generally two-thirds of the diameter of thesmoke-fiue B. The dependent conduit d may be of the same shape throughout its length, or it may be varied, as will be seen in Fig. 7, when the main portion of the conduit is laterally enlarged.

'ous products of combustion.

damper is between the inlet D and the exitopening a. 'A prominent function of the damper b is to hold back the products of com- I bustion in the heating-cavities of the apparatus, thus securing the important element of time to eifect a better admixture and transfusion of the air and the volatilized gases and their more complete combustion and consequent transmission of the heat thus created through the transmitting-surface to the ab: sorbing media. In the forms of my invention Where the damper b is provided between the inlet D and the chimney C another function is to obstruct the smoke-flue B, and thereby divert into the dependent conduit 01 gase- The gaseous products of combustion entering the dependent conduit will be mainly excess products that are usually lost. It will be seen from Fig. 8 that the damper B is cut away at its periphery in order that there shall always be a vent in thesmoke-flue for some gaseous products. When gaseous products of combustion enter the dependent conduit, they more or less prevent air for combustion entering the combustiomch'amber through the air-inlet, thereby decreasing the rate of combustion in the combustionch amber As soon as the combustion" process is decreased sulficiently' atmospheric pressure acting upwardly in the dependent conduit will force the gaseous products back into the combustion-cham-- her, they .being followed therein by air for combustion, which then enters through the inlet D. The dependent conduit d mustheof a sufiicient length to contain a column of air of suflicient size to counterbalance any gaspressure from the combustion-chamber acting downwardly in the conduit. It is usually IIO carried below the grate-line of the apparatus A and usually to the floor. Being constructed in this manner it prevents the emission ofgiis into the room containing the apparatus A. The dependent conduitjs pervious at its .lower end. It is here shown as being completely open and being provided on.its end with a hood oicap 0Z having openings By having the entrance to the dependent conduit for air for combustion ata low level the air used is cooler and more condensed than if the air were taken from a higher level. Hence volume for volume more oxygen is carried into the combustion-chamber than would be the case if warmer air were introduced. This fa.- cilitates more intense combustion. Furthermore, such amounts of the cooler air as escape combustion, with the gases in the upper parts of the combustion-chamber gravitate more effeetively and quickly to the fuel mass'in the fire-pot; Itis obviousthat thedependentcom duit may be extended lower than the floorline and even to the out-of-doors atmosphere in order that cool and fresh air for combustion may be secured.

The quantity of air passing through the inlet D should be controlled by suitable means. Such means are here shown as consisting of a damper. In some cases the damper is pro-' vided in the dependent conduit audit is located therein .closely adjacent the inlet D. I

have shown such a damper (Z' in Fig. 6. In

FigsQl, 2, 3, and 7 the damper I! is shown as being placed directlyin the inlet D. I5

In these forms the damper (Z serves to deflect the air for combustion toward the combustion-chamber. InFigs. 4and 5 a single damperis shown for controlling the smoke-flue B and for controlling the inlet 1). This damper may eon veniently be the damper I). In this form of invention the damper has the function of separating the products of combustion from the airufor combustion. One of the faces of the damper 7) deflectsthe products of combustion upward and away from the'inlet I), while the other face of the damper deflects downwardly away from the products .of combustion the air for combustion and facilitates its flow intothc chamber of combustion. The various means provided in my invention for deflecting and directing. air for combustion have for their purposeto secure a quick unobstructed flow of the adequate volume of air needed in the combustion process and to obviate the usual objectionable slowness of tl'ie indirect downwardly-fiowmg current of air' used in inventions which supply most of the air for com- 6 may be applied to the smoke-flue B, where it extends for a portion of its length in a horizontal direction. In Fig. 4 the partition ll 1 is shown as being in the form of a hood, and

the curved portion of the partition assists in' the deflection of air for combustion. The partition d also prevents any downdrafts that may be in a portion of the smoke-flue interfering with the proper operation of my invention. The partition d. in Figs. 5 and 6 also has the like function.

b represents stops which are provided for the dampers b (1. These stops are of such size and contour-as to prevent'leakage around the periphery of the dampers 7) d. The lower stop 7/, provided forthe damper b in Figs 1,

'of the dampers involved in my invention.

3, and'7, extends upwardly to about the axis of the damper 7), as shown in Fig. 12, and acts to prevent down and up drafts interfering with the proper working of my invention.

D represents a second conduit, which is dependent from the smoke-flue B. -I)'rep resents a damper provided in said conduit. Thedependent conduit D is located between the chimney C and the damper 7; and preferably near the chimney, and it constitutes a checkdraft. Instead of having a dependent conduit D as shown in Fig. 2, the flue of thechimney C may be extended below the smoke-flue B, and at its end adamper 0 maybe provided, as shown in Fig. 3, and for the same purpose. Instead other forms of. check-drafts may be used. i

E represents a pressure-regulator connected with the apparatus A. This regulator may, through suitable connections I)", control any is here shown (see Fig 2) as being connected with the dampers I)" and i) and with the dam-' per /1 of the ash-pit door. Instead of a pressure-regulator a thermostat or other automatic device maybe employed. Each of the dampers D 7/, and d is provided with a handle. I have shown the damper 7; as being provided with ahandle 7) and the damper d with a handle (Z These handles may be of any convenient design and construction. I

In the various figures, f represents lugs for bolting thesections together.

In the drawings, Figs. 8,. 9,10, and 11,

- which show a particular form of damper structure that may beused in my invention, a represents an indicatingand retentlon d1al;c, slots in which the handle b is pressed by the spring '71. I) is an indicating-pointer. l) and (Fare wire parts of the handle. I) is a cast-iron part of the handle. pintle 71". 7) is a nut. Wis the threaded part of the end of the pintlc) Bis the smokeflue. (Z is the dependent conduit. 7/ is a damper-blade.

I)" is a bearing for the A ratchet and indicating-dial of any desired form and arrangement may be employed in connection with each damper-handle to indicate the position of the damper and retain it in position.

For convenience in making, applying, and operating my invention in connection with heating and power-producing apparatus already installed various elements necessary to my invention may be conveniently contained in a T-shaped structure which is insertedin the course of the smoke-flue of the apparatus as close as possible to theheating apparatus. For convenience? I refer to this structure as a T in the specification and claims. One branch of theT is so constructed as to be conveniently attached to the smoke-nozzle of the heating apparatus by an intermediate section of flue-piping; Another branch of,v the T is made to join onto the part of the smoke-conduit leading. from the T to the chimney. The other branch of the T'' is made soas to be at- 1 tached to a dependeutconduiawhich has been herein previously described and which is projected downwardly from that branch. In the T are usually two dampers, one for controlling the supply of air for combustion and the other for controlling the passage of products of combustion through the T. Handles for' the dampers and means for indicating the position of the dampers and fixing them in position are attached to the T- externally. In

some simple forms one damper suflices to fulfil both functions, as stated. Means for deflecting the air for combustion are also included in the structure of the T.

Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim is x 1. Ina heating or power-producing apparatus, the combination of .a combustion-chamber, the heating-cavities of said apparatus, an-

air-inlet, a dependent conduit, means for the introduction of unvitiated air for combustion into the highest parts of said combustionchamber at about where the waste gaseous products of combustion escape from said zhamber, means for controlling the passage of air through said, inlet, means for deflecting said air toward the combustion-chamber and means for tending to keep apart in'going air for combustion and outgoing wasteproducts of combustion, said chamber and said cavities being constructed and disposed to receive and retain in their upper levels and above the level of the feed-door of the apparatus air and hot volatilized gaseous products through the force of atmospheric pressure acting upwardly except at the exit provided for the escape of.

- to said combustion-chamber, and adependent conduit, said dependent conduit being connected'with said air-inlet and being directly open to the atmosphere at its lower end, said dependent conduit and said chamber being ar- 'ranged and disposed to retain in-their cavities and to prevent throughatmospheric pressure acting upwardly in said cavities theescape of gaseous products of combustion therefrom except through the aperture provided in said chamber for the exit of waste gaseous produ'etsj bf combustion, said controlling means being disposed to facilitate and quicken the pas-- 5 sage of gases through deflection. 1 I 3. In combination with the combustionchamber of a heating or power-producing ap-- paratus, a conduit for conducting therefrom the gaseous products of combustion, said conduit containing means for controlling the passage of products 'ofcombustion therethrough and for deflecting said products away from an air-inlet provided in said conduit adjacent to said combustion-chamber, said inlet providing for an ingress of air for combustion, a dependent conduit connected with said air-inlet for conveying air to said inlet from a level 7 below that ofthe feed-door of said apparatus,

a partition adjacent to said air-inlet providing for the obstruction and holding back of and tending to prevent the flow past said airinlet into said combustion-chamber and into said dependent conduit of downdraftsin said conduit for gaseous products of combustion, and of meansfor controlling the passage of air through said inlet and for deflecting air 1 for combustion toward the combustion-chem:

ber.

4. In a heating or power-producing apparatus, the combination of a combustion-chamber, aconduit for conveying away gaseous products of combustion from said chamber, an air-inlet, said inlet being at a level below the level traversed by said products through said conduit and communicating with said chamberat alevel below the level traversed by said products in said-conduit and at about where the-saidproducts leave said chamber, and

means for preventing the direct passage of trolling the passage of said air through said inlet and for deflecting said air toward the combustion-chamber, said conduit, inlet and means allowing for the entrance to said chamsaid air from said inlet to the level traversed by said products of combustion, and for conber of all the air needed for combustion in said chamber and allowing for the. escape of all gaseous products of combustion generated in said chamber;

5. In a heating or power-producing apparatus, the combination of a combustion-chamber closed to the passage through its peripheral 1 walls of gaseous products of combustion in its highest levels at points other than that provided for the exit therefrom of said gaseous products, a conduit for conducting products of combustion from said combustion-chamber, said conduifihaving an inlet for air at combustion at about the level of the point 5f exit from the combustion-chamber of said productsof combustion, a dependent conduit extended from said inlet and having a lowest vertical part with an opening at its lower end for the entrance of air for combustion be-' tween the levels of the feed-door of said apparatus and the line of the floor on which the apparatus rests, means for controlling the passage ofproduct-s ofcombustion and for controlling the passage of air through said inlet and for deflecting the air-toward the combustion-chamber. i 6. In a heating or powcr-produc ng appa- "ratus', the combination of a combustionrchamberi'aconduit for conducting gaseousproducts from said combustion-chamber and having' an inlet for air for combustion, means to the passage of gases betweensald inlet and f said combustion-chamber and between said closely adjacent to said inlet for controlling the gases passing through said conduit and for deflecting the gaseous products of combustion away from said inlet, said means belngbccombustion chamber and said controlling means for the products of combustion that would interfere with a free, quick and'unobstructed passage of gases through said routes.

v 7. Incombination withacombustion-chamber providing above its fuebfeed door a cavity for the retention and admixture of air and combustible gases and having an upper convexity or heat-transmitting wall impervious to gases otherwise than through the exit provided for waste gaseous products of combustion, a conduit for carrying awayproducts of combustion and having an-inlet therein for air for combustion, located closely adjacent to said combustion :ehamber and connecting therewith at-about'where the products of com- .bu'stion find their exit therefrom, a verticaldependent conduit extending from said inlet for. air, to a level between that of the feeddoor and that of the floor-line, and provided at its lowest end with a free aperture opening immediately to the atmosphere, said dependent conduit being impervious to the passage of gases at any point other than through an exit at its junction with the said air-inletand at the opening'at its lower end, means for controlling thepa ssage of air through said dependent conduit and inlet and for deflecting saidair toward the said combustion-chamber, and an obstructive damper in said conduitfor carrying away the products ofv combustion. .8". In a heating or power-producing apparatus. the combination of a combustion-cham-i ber constructed forthe retention in its higher levels of volatilized combustible gases through the'action of atmosphericpressure, means for producing an induced draft in said apparatus, means for introducing air for combustioninto said chamber at about where the waste gaseous products leave said chamber, and for preventing through atmospheric pressure emission therethrough of gaseous products of combustion, other gas traversing and retaining can- -to the atmosphere ata pointne ties in said apparatus, said cavities being constructed and disposed to prevent iii-rough a tmospheric pressure the emission of products of combustion therefrom except through the exits for waste products ofcombustion, means for'controlling the quantity of air introduced into the combustion chamber, the said gas traversing cavities .ch amber and said air-introducing means being disposed at levels to re-' tain therein hot gases at substantially the same level and stratum; I l

9. In a heating' or power-producing appa= ratusthe combination of a combustion-chamher, a fuel-feed door for said apparatus, said combustion-chamber comprising a gas-retaining cavity located above the level of the top of said fuel-feed door, an exit-aperture in the peripheral walls of said 'combust-iomcliamber ,for theexit of waste gases, acondu' it for conveying away waste gaseous products of combustion, means for controlling said conduit for said waste gaseous products, an air-inlet located closely adjacent to said combustionchamber, means for deflecting air received 7 through said inletan'd for directing and conwalls of said combustion-chamber, and there ending, at a po nt about where the waste veying said air to and through the peripheral gases find their exit from the said combustionchamber, a dependent airconduit impervious to gas at its side walls but having upper and lower openings, the last beingopen to the at- 'mosphere at a point below the lower level of said feed-door and about perpendicularly below said air-inlet, the upper opening connecting withsaid air-inlet, said air-inlet and the point of introduction for air through said pe-' riphery being at a level above the upper level of said feed-door but at a level entirely below the level traversed bythe-waste products of combustion after their exit from said combustion-chamber,,said elements for air introductron being so constructed and disposed as to avoid the entrance into their cavities of hot-,

gaseous products of, combustion while said gasesare' vertically-rising and to avoid the i impingement of hot v-olatilized rising gases or flame with the external peripheral walls of said elements forairintroduction,

10. In combination with; the combustion chamberof a heating or 'powenprodu'cin apparatus-provided with a gas retainingand admixing eavity above the fuel-feediorifice ot' said combustion-chamber,- a smoke "conduit communicat ng therewith, meansfor control:

ling the passage of products iof combustion' therethrough and for deflecting said products from air for combustion, meansfor'introd ucingair-for combustion into SitldflCQHlbllStlOIichambercomprismgadependentcondu topen 4 the floor-line on whichtheapparat tests to provide against the emission (fix-products of enough ,to Y a combustion from the lower end thereof,- and communicating-at the 'upper end with the smoke-conduit, means for controlling the air introduced, means for keeping theairand products of combustion in separate strata, and visible means located externally'to said airintroducing. meansfor' indicating the position of and for adjusting said controlling means and for retaining said means in'any desired position and forthus indicating the amount of air and gases passing through said conduits.

11. In combination with the combustion top communicating with the smoke-conduit and with the higher levels of said combustionchamber'andt-he other at the lowest part of said conduit opening to the atmosphere at a sufficiently-low level to prevent the emission fromsaid lowest opening of products of com-' bustion, and means providing for the deflec tion of air from said dependent conduit to said combustion-chamber.

12; In combination with the combustionchamber of a heating or power-producing apparatus providing against the upwardly en1ission of products of combustion through any said solid damper.

part of the walls in the .upper levels of said chamber other than through the openingprovided for the exit of gaseous products of combustion, a conduit for conductingsaid products therefrom, a damper in said conduit which when closed provides for a partial passage of gases at one side of saidc'ondu'it, stops in said conduit providing when said damper is closed against'peripheral leakage around said'dampcr at all parts'other than where a partialpassage of gas is provided for, means I comprising a dependingconduit for in tro'ducing air into the combustion-chamber at about where the gaseous "products of combustion leave "the combustion-chamber and for taking in said air for "combustion at alevel so low as to prevent the omission of gaseous products of combustion'at its lowest part, a solid damper in said'dependenu conduit, and stops in said dependent conduit for preventing leakage around theentire periphery of 13, In combination with a combustion chamber, a conduit for conducting therefrom products of combustion, an inlet for air for combustion in said conduit, 9. dependent airconduit extending from said inlet, means for 'ucts'of combustion.

controlling the producisof combustion and thepassage of air through the air=inlet and 5 for deflecting said air toward the combustion chamber, said means comprising a damper and a horizontally-disposed partition for also deflecting the air toward the combustionchamber and to prevent direct drafts between said first-named conduit and said'inlet for air, I said partition beingdisposed at a lower level than the'level traversed by said products of combustion in said conduit,

14. In combination with a combustion chamber, a conduit for conducting away products of combustion from said chamber, an inlet in said conduit for air for combustion, a

dependent vertical air-introducing conduit ex- I tending from said inlet and located closely adjacent to said combustion-chamber, said dependent conduit opening directly to the at mosphere at its lower end, means for controlhug the passage of air through the air-inlet and deflecting said air toward the combustion' chamber, said means comprising a damper and a horizontally-disposed partition extending from said inlet toward said combustion-chamber, a damper for controlling the conduit for products of combustion, and a check-draft for ing in said conduit for conducting away prodseparately controllingthe induced draft act- 15. In a heating apparatus, the combination of a combustion-chamber, a conduit for con-, ducting away products of combustion, means for controll ng. the passage of gases through said conduit, means for introducing air for combustion in said combustion-chamber at a level above the feed-door of said apparatus and below the level traversed by the ,cond ucted-away products of combustion, a horizon-. tally-disposed partition for deflecting air for combustion'at a level below [said partition,

and a check-draft, said check-draft and the means for introducing air being arranged on opposite sides of the meansifor controlling the conduit for products of combustion.

16. In combination with the combustionchamber and heating-cavitiesof a heating or power-producing apparatus provided with a smoke-conduit for conveying away the gaseous products of combustion, a dependent airconduit and gas-reservoir located closely adja: cent .to said apparatus and communicating at a high level with said combustion-chamber. and cavitiesthrough or near the aperture provided for the outflow of gaseous products of combustion from'said apparatus, means at the upper part of said dependent conduitprovid- -ing for the deflection toward the said heatingcavities of air for combustion passing through said dependent conduit and for facilitatingfa quickness of flow of said air, means tending to prevent the passing of gaseous currents be? tween said dependentconduit and said smokedicating the position thereof of such controlling means, and means for controlling the intensity of the natural draft acting in said apparatus. Q

17. In combination witha combustionchamber, and laterally placed to said chamber a closely-adjacent and vertically-disposed conduit divided by a horizontal partition into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part communicating with the said combustionchamber at a level above thehorizontal partition and providing for the conveying away from said combustion-chamber of, gaseous products of combustion-and provided with a damper for controlling the passage of gases therethrough, the lower 'part also communieating with said combustion-chamber but at a lower-level than that of the said horizontal partition and at about where the gaseous productsv of combustion leave the said chamber, and

said lower part having an opening'to the atmosphere for the admission of air at a level below' that which would permit the emission of gaseous products of combustion from the lower opening of said lower part, and a damper for .controlling the passage ofair through said lower part, said horizontal partition being so disposed as to deflect air to the combustion-chamber and to prevent the direct up-and-down passing of gases between the up pm and lower parts of said vertically-disposed conduit. v i a 18.- In combination with the combustionchamber of a heating or power-producing apparatus having a smoke-flue, a T provided with means for connectionwiththe smokeflue, with the combustion-chamber, and witha dependent conduit providing for the conveyance of air for combustion, said T being provided with means for passing air for combustion and gaseous products of. combustion therethrough, said T being provided with means for controlling the passage of said air and said products 1 therethrough and being provided'with meanafor preventing peripheral leakage of gases past such controlling means, and .said T being provided with means for deflecting. air for combustion toward the said combustion-chamber;

'19., In a heating or'powerproducing appa ratus, the combination t a combustion-chain her, a smoke-flue, a dependent air-conduit, a detachable structure locatedclo'se to chainher and interposed betweensaid chamberand 5 said flue, said structure comprising means for connection with said-chamber and with said flue and a passage therethrough for wastegaseous products and a damper for controlling said passage and a passage therein for airfor combustion and a damper for controlling said passage for air and for introducing into the combustion-chamber at a level above the level 1 of the feed-door of said apparatus the air needed for combustion in said chamber, said structure also comprising fixed means for preventing an ingress of air for combustion into the combustion chamber in excess of the amount that after its consumption and in conjunctionwith volatilizedgaseous products is passage for waste gaseous products, said structure also comprising means for the deflection of said air to said chamber and for the connection of said structure with said dependent air-conduit, said dependent conduit extending from said structure and-being disposed in a substantially vertical line and being impervious to gases exceptas to its extreme upper and lower ends and arranged to prevent through the force of atmospheric pressure the emission of products of combustion from its lowprovided an avenue of escape through the said est end, and means for externally indicating the relative positions of and for holding in po- 'sition thedampers controlling the passage of gases through said structure.

'ratus, the combination of a-combustion-diamb'er comprising a dome or upperucavity having an exit for waste gases and having an impervious casing or wall in its lateral and upper periphery for the retention of hot gaseous products of combustion at all points except at theexit for smoke and waste gases said cavity being constructed to retain said products through the upwardly action of atmospheric pressure, a smoke-flue extending from said 20. In a heating or power-producing appau too apparatus to a chimney, an air-inletfor air for I combustion located closely adjoining said chamber, means i'or the deflectionof an up- Wardly-moving and substantially vertical curfor the conveyance of said deflected current into the high levels of said chamber at about .where the burned gaseous products of combus-.

tion pass out therefrom, said deflected current,

being conveyed at a level below the level traversed by the outgoing products of combustion that pass through said flue, means to prevent the direct passage of air-currents between said rent of air passing through said inlet, means.

air-inlet and said chimneyfmeans for controlling ,the amount of air passing through said inlet and means f0! controlling the gases pass- I ing from said chamber to said chimney, said combination being constructed to prevent through the repressionof atmospheric-(pres,

."sure the emission of and escape from said cons,

bination of gaseous products of combustion} other at levels to maintain an equilibrious baldownwardly through said air-inlet, said eleto this specification in the presvnce of two Sill) ments belng disposed in their relation to each scribing witnesses.

anoe of and retention in their cavities of gase- JObIiPH k1 f I one productsof combustion except at the exit Witnesses: for smoke and waste gases. G120. E. CnUsn,

In testimony whereof I have signed my-name CHARLES S. JON Es. 

